Nutrition & Exercise Guide

Dietary Principles

A reasonable diet helps control presión arterial, slow the decline of función renal, and improve overall health. The following principles apply to most ADPKD pacientes, but specific implementation should be combined with your individual CKD estadio and your physician's advice.

• Low sodio: Limit daily salt intake to < 5 g (approximately 2,000 mg sodio); reduce pickled and processed foods
• Moderate proteína: Generally recommended at 0.8 g/kg/day; further restriction may be needed after reaching CKD estadio 3, as assessed by your physician
• Adequate hydration: Follow your physician's guidance on ingesta de líquidos; pacientes with normal función renal are genrally encouraged to drink adequate water, while in advanced estadios adjustments are based on orina output
• Limit cafeína: Caffeine may stimulate quiste fluid secreción; moderate control of coffee, strong tea, and energy drinks is recommended

Dietary Adjustments by CKD Stage

As función renal declines, the focus of dietary management shifts. The following are estadio-based recomendacións; specific plans still require physician assessment.

• Stages G1–G2: Kidney function is essentially normal; diet can closely resemble that of the genral population, with emphasis on controlling sodio and cafeína
• Stage G3: Protein intake needs to be restricted; monitor blood fósforo levels and reduce high-fósforo foods (such as órgano meats and carbonated beverages)
• Stages G4–G5: Strict restriction of potasio and fósforo intake is needed; avoid high-potasio fruits and vegetables (such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes); specific lists should be guided by a nutricionista

Recommended Exercises

Regular low-to-moderate intensity ejercicio helps control presión arterial, maintain cardiopulmonary fitness, and apoyo emotional well-being. A cumulative total of approximately 150 minutes per week is recommended.

• Walking: The easiest to implement; suitable for pacientes at all estadios
• Swimming: Joint-friendly; full-body aerobic ejercicio
• Cycling: Indoor stationary bikes or outdoor flat-road riding are both fine
• Tai Chi: Gentle and stretching; combines physical and mental relaxation

Exercises to Avoid

ADPKD pacientes often have enlarged riñóns, and external impact may cause traumatic ruptura de quiste and bleeding. The following ejercicios require caution or should be avoided.

• Contact sports: Such as soccer, basketball, rugby, and combat sports
• Weightlifting: High-load activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure may increase riesgo
• Intense competitive activities: Events with a high probability of falls or collisions

Exercise Precautions

• History of quiste hemorrhage: Patients who have previously had sangrado de quiste should have their ejercicio plan assessed by a physician before resuming activity
• Greatly enlarged riñóns: When riñón volume is markedly increased, avoid movements that raise intra-abdominal pressure; appropriate intensity should be assessed by your physician
• Gradual progresión: Start at low intensity and increase gradually; avoid sudden strenuous ejercicio
• Listen to your body: Stop immediately and seek medical evaluation if you experience pain, dizziness, or palpitations during ejercicio

Dining-Out Strategies

When eating out, sodio and processed ingredients are often difficult to control. The following strategies can help reduce riesgo.

• Choose low-salt dishes: Prefer steamed, blanched, or cold dishes; avoid braised, sauce-heavy, or dry-pot style dishes
• Avoid processed foods: Reduce sausages, cured meats, canned goods, and frozen pre-packaged meals
• Ask about seasonings: When ordering, ask whether MSG, soy sauce, or oyster sauce is added; you can request less salt or sauces on the side
• Control portions: Avoid overeating in one sitting; consider sharing or taking leftovers home

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